Scientific Program

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Scientific Program Day 1

Day :

  • Mental Disorders
Location: 1

Session Introduction

Sandra Sungailaite

The James Cook University Hospital, UK

Title: Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty for the compression vertebral fractures: One year outcome in height restoration and correction/improvement of kyphosis
Biography:

Sandra Sungailaite completed her medical degree at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania. Currently, she works as a specialty doctor in Neurosurgery Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom. Sandra has an interest in teaching and is pursuing a degree in medical education, along with her work in neurosurgery and a degree in Surgical Sciences. Mr Anil Varma is a senior neurosurgery consultant at James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough, with a special interest in neuro-oncology and endoscopic pituitary surgery. He is an author and co-author of many publications and research in his area of interest.

Abstract:

Objective: The objective of the study is to look for the effectiveness of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty in the restoration of vertebral body height and correction or improvement of kyphosis.
Design: Retrospective study.
Subjects: Patients with Vertebral column wedge compression fracture.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 112 patients presented over four years and four months with 200 symptomatic wedge vertebral compression fractures treated by percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty. To assess degree of kyphosis and height restoration of fractured vertebral body, we reviewed digital radiographs and measured pre and post cobb and wedge angle for kyphosis; Ratios of the height of the anterior border, centre, and posterior borders of the collapsed vertebra to the height at the posterior border of an adjacent normal vertebral body were measured in immediate postoperative period and next follow up and also calculated gain of height in anterior, middles and posterior part of vertebral body, percentage of lost height restoration.
Results: The anterior, middles, and posterior height of vertebral body height increase after kyphoplasty. The anterior body height improved 10% in fi rst post-operative and subsequently 14% in next follow up. Middle and posterior heights also revealed 13%, 17% and 9%, 11% improvement respectively. The restoration percentage for the lost vertebral height were 34% for anterior border in the fi rst post-operative period, 49% in the next outpatient follow up; 46% and 60% for middle border, and 62%, 76% for posterior border of vertebral height. The mean reduction in kyphotic angle was 3.1 degree, and 2.4 degree in wedge angle, restoration percentages for the kyphosis angle and wedge angle were 11.3% and 18.7%, respectively.
Conclusions: Kyphoplasty result in improvement of height of vertebral body and angular deformity.

Ifeanyichukwu A Ogueji

University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Title: Attitude towards cough syrup abuse: A study of adolescents in Southwest Nigeria
Biography:

OGUEJI, Ifeanyichukwu Anthony. "Clinical Psychology in Nigeria: An Assessment of Perceptions of the Growing Subfi eld Among Non-Mental Health Professionals And Recommendations For Growth Acceleration.

Abstract:

Background: One area of substance abuse among adolescents that has not been
fully understood in the Nigerian context is the attitude of adolescents towards
cough syrup abuse, as most related studies were either focused on attitude
towards general substance abuse or substances other than cough syrup.
Objective: The main objective of this research explored the attitudes of
adolescents towards cough syrup abuse in Southwest Nigeria.
Methods: By a stratifi ed sampling method, 302 participants (152 males, 150
females; mean age=13.61 years, SD=2.09) were selected from secondary schools in Oyo state and Lagos state, Nigeria, and data were collected using standardized questionnaires. Guided by literature review, four hypotheses were stated and tested using t-test and correlation statistics.
Results: Findings indicated that male and female adolescents did not signifi cantly differ in their attitude towards cough syrup abuse (t=-16.68; DF=300; P>.05). Further results showed that, there was a signifi cant positive relationship between adolescents’ age and their attitude towards cough syrup abuse (r=.21; DF=300; P<.01). Another result showed that, adolescents from polygamous family reported signifi cantly higher positive attitude towards cough syrup abuse than their counterparts from monogamous family (t=-18.98; DF=300; P<.05). The last finding showed that adolescents in Oyo state and Lagos state did not signifi cantly differ in their attitude towards cough syrup abuse (t=.03; DF=300; P>.05).
Conclusion: Adolescents’ age and family marital structure are the variables
found in this research that signifi cantly accounts for their attitude towards
cough syrup abuse, thus, it is imperative enough that as adolescents are growing older, they are rightly guided against giving into substance abuse. Also, parents/ caregivers of adolescents need to be actively involved in educating adolescents on the hazards associated with substance abuse.

Leslie A McCallum

University of Toronto, Canada

Title: Moving from hopeless to hopeful: Understanding the experiences of adults in midlife living with anorexia nervosa
Biography:

Leslie A McCallum has completed her PhD at the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work in 2019. She also holds a Master of Social Work from the University of Toronto and a Bachelor of Commers (honours) from Queen’s University. She is a Director of Research and Program Evaluation at Cedar Centre (part-time), a mental health agency that treats individuals with childhood interpersonal trauma, and a Research Associate at the University of Toronto. Prior to entering the PhD program, she was as a Senior Executive in Communications and Marketing, working for a wide range of clients, including several mental health organizations.

Abstract:

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex, life-threatening mental illness with
high comorbidity rates. This disorder has one of the worst prognoses
of all mental illnesses, with a mortality rate of 10.5%. It affects people of
varying socioeconomic statuses, cultures, sexes, genders, and ages. There is
no universally effective treatment for adults living with AN. Despite the high
percentage of individuals who continue to live with AN for decades, there is
limited understanding of what it means to be in midlife living with a disorder
that is more commonly noted to occur among adolescents and young adults. This was a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory methodology. This research was conducted in accordance with the ethics protocol approved by the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board of the University of Toronto. Nineteen individuals in midlife (40 to 65 years of age) living with AN participated in individual, in-depth interviews. Four main fi ndings emerged from this study. First, important differences exist between livings with AN in midlife versus when one is younger. Second, based on this sample and their retrospective accounts, complex trauma is common among individuals in midlife living with AN. Third, midlife can act as a barrier to seeking treatment and/or facilitate disengaging from treatment. Fourth, shifts occur in midlife that can act as catalysts to fully engaging in recovery. Honoring the added challenges that come with midlife, as well as harnessing qualities developed in midlife will help this older age group move forward with their recovery journey, moving from feeling hopeless to feeling hopeful.

Shahid Khan

The James Cook University Hospital, UK

Title: Microvascular decompression: Incidence and prevention of post-operative CSF leakage in a consecutive series of 134 patients
Biography:

Shahid Khan is a Neurosurgery Consultant at James Cook University Hospital in
Middlesbrough, with a special interest in acoustic neuroma, skull base and vascular sugery, trigeminal neuralgia and cervical disc replacement.

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this study is to share our experience of an effective dural repair technique, which we have utilised to minimise the incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.
Methods: Between 1987 and 2018, 134 patients had microvascular decompression, mainly for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm in our unit. All our patients having posterior fossa MVD using the technique described by Janetta, had an apparently watertight repair of the dura at the end of the operation. We describe our technique using Duraguard® and Histoacryl® glue. The post-operative outcome of the duraplasty was assessed retrospectively by case note review.
Results: The results indicated that of 134 patients, 129 (96.2%) had no postoperative CSF leakage. Only fi ve (3.7%) of the patients experienced post-operative CSF leakage (three from the wound, two from the nose).
Conclusion: We conclude that dural repair using the described technique utilising a dural substitute (Duraguard) and Histoacryl glue is safe and effective in preventing post operative CSF leak following MVD.

Sandra Sungailaite

The James Cook University Hospital, UK

Title: The outcome of the patients with chronic subdural hematoma referred to a major trauma centre and review of non-operative management
Biography:

Sandra Sungailaite completed her medical degree at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania. Currently, she works as a specialty doctor in Neurosurgery Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom. Sandra has an interest in teaching and is pursuing a degree in medical education, along with her work in neurosurgery and a degree in Surgical Sciences. Mr Anil Varma is a senior neurosurgery consultant at James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough, with a special interest in neuro-oncology and endoscopic pituitary surgery. He is an author and co-author of many publications and research in his area of interest.

Abstract:

Objective: The main objective of this study is to review the outcome of chronic
subdural hematomas (CSDH) and patients’ characteristics in a cohort referred to a major tertiary trauma centre.
Design: Retrospective audit.
Subjects: Patients with CSDH referred to the trauma centre of North East in the UK between April 2019 and January 2020.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 88 patients presented over a nine-month period of 2019 to a tertiary centre in the UK with CSDH. We reviewed the referral database collecting data on patients’ age, GCS, presenting symptoms, anticoagulation status and the management outcome. We analyse the radiological fi ndings and clinical outcome of the patients in the different treatment groups.
Results: The results indicated that 88 patients with CSDH were identifi ed during the study period. Twenty (20%) underwent surgery immediately. Forty-eight (55%) were managed conservatively, and 20 (20%) were managed medically with dexamethasone. Subsequently, one of the patients managed conservatively, and one with dexamethasone underwent surgery. Forty-four (54%) out of 88 patients were on various forms of anticoagulation.
Conclusions: This study confi rms that operative management was deemed suitable for a small portion of patients referred with CSDH. Medical management with dexamethasone is an option for the patients for whom surgery is not warranted or when a patient is unfi t for surgery with good outcome.

Jin Eun

The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea

Title: Hyperacute bilateral thalamic infarction not presented on initial diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging: A case report
Biography:

Jin Eun has completed MD from Eunji Medical University. She trained Neurosurgery at the Catholic University of Korea. She is the Clinical Instructor of the Department of Neurosurgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital.

Abstract:

In patients with hyperacute infarctions, there are situations in which initial
diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) fails to explain the
patient's neurological status. In the present case, the patient visited the emergency room about 15 minutes after the onset of symptoms and his initial neurological status was not explained by DW MRI. We injected intravenous tissue plasminogen activator on the basis of non-enhanced brain computed tomography. However, the degrees of neurological improvement were insignifi cant and follow up DW MRI showed multiple acute infarctions in the pons, midbrain, and bilateral thalamus. A rare case of acute bilateral thalamic infarction, this article summarizes initial management and clinical outcome

Sheng Yuan Kan,

University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK

Title: Systematic review of clinicopathological correlations in logopenic progressive aphasia
Biography:

Sheng Yuan Kan is a fi nal year undergraduate Medical student from the University of Edinburgh. He is previously an Events Coordinator and currently the Treasurer for the Edinburgh University Neurological Society. He is interested in neurology/neurosurgery/ neuroscience research and very keen to discuss ideas with other like-minded people.

Abstract:

Systematic review of clinicopathological correlations in logopenic progressive
aphasia: Logopenic aphasia (lvPPA) is characterized by impaired word-retrieval and sentence repetition. It is usually associated with AD pathology, but other pathologies have been reported. The objectives of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different neuropathology in autopsied lvPPA cases and evaluate the performance of new criteria in predicting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in lvPPA patients. In this systematic review, we developed search strategies to identify studies which reported clinical cases of lvPPA and neuropathology investigation results. The included studies were analysed for reporting quality, demographics, clinical criteria and pathological diagnosis. Out of 2459 articles screened, 35 studies reported 200 lvPPA patients in total. Reporting quality were good for clinical criteria (100%) and neuropathology (91.4%), moderate for gender, age at onset and duration (60%) and poor for ethnicity (5.7%). The neuropathology fi ndings in lvPPA are 74% AD, 20%
frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP=14%, FTLD-Tau=6%), 2% dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 2% Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and 2% others. The positive predictive value of new criteria is 9% higher, but not statistically signifi cant (p>0.05). This study confi rmed the prevalence of different neuropathologies among lvPPA patients, with AD pathology being the most prevalent. We also showed that more studies are published using the new criteria and suggested the importance of multimodal diagnostic approach due to the low positive predictive value (77%) of the consensus clinical criteria.

Sultan Alsaif

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia

Title: Stroke mimics: Clinical characteristics and outcome
Biography:

Sultan is a clinical student from Almaarefa university College of Medicine. Has done more than 7 papers, 5 are published. Most of them are conducted in neuroscience which he’s interested in. Has several recommendation letters since pre-clinical years of study from head of neurology and neurosurgery department from different hospitals

Abstract:

Stroke mimics (SM) can be diffi cult to distinguish from real stroke. Misdiagnosis of stroke leads to unnecessary tests, harmful intervention, and increased cost. We aimed to study the prevalence and nature of SMs among Saudi patients who came to the emergency department with sudden neurological defi cit and suspected stroke. We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients with suspected stroke admitted to the stroke unit at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from February 2016 to July 2018. We compared SM to real strokes. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the potential predictors of SMs. This study was approved
by local institutional review board. Of the 1,063 patients, 131 (12.3%) had SM.
The most common causes were peripheral vestibular disorder (27.4%) followed by psychogenic causes (24.4%). Stroke mimics were more common among younger individuals and women, and individuals with SM were less likely to have arterial hypertension, diabetes, and to be smokers. At discharge, individuals with SM were more likely to be independent at discharge, had milder defi cits, and shorter hospital stays. Predictors of SM were young age, female gender, mild defi cit at presentation, and good functional status prior to stroke. Stroke mimics are common among suspected strokes. Practicing physicians should consider potential diagnostic errors, particularly in the hyperacute phase of stroke.

Angelina Baslari

The University of Manchester, UK

Title: The application of CBT in approaching Dissociation in the therapy setting through the eyes of a counseling psychologist trainee: Implications for practice
Biography:

Angelina is a 3rd year Doctorate student in Counselling Psyhology at the University of Manchester. She has obtained her MSc in Counselling Studies from the University of Edinburgh. She has been working as a trainee Counselling Psychologist at the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. Currently, she is undertaking her training at a Private Psychiatric Hospital in Manchester.

 

Abstract:

This paper approaches dissociation through the lens of a counselling psychologist trainee, by exploring how Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) might fit to the philosophy of counselling psychology and what this suggests for delivering therapy to patients with dissociation. The actual identification of the three main areas; assessment/formulation; therapeutic interventions/containment; looking forward (working towards uncomfortable feelings) as a particular challenge in my own experience was the main aim and the contribution of the current paper.

                Research has established the link between dissociation and trauma. Studies in the area of dissociation are limited mainly due to ethical and funding challenges researchers face, and due to the fact that dissociation comorbid with other mental health disorders. CBT is considered a gold standard which has gained political and cultural dominance as a treatment for mental health disorders in the UK because it is supported by numerous randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Research indicates that individuals with high levels of dissociative symptoms may drop out of current CBT therapies and are generally less responsive to treatment; thus, CBT therapies may not be effective for these patients. The ISSTD proposed that initially the main focus for therapists should be placed on establishing a therapeutic alliance, educating patients about diagnosis and symptoms and explaining the process of treatment

    My personal reflections have been provided throughout. This paper considers some of the potential implications for future practice, and concludes that by acknowledging the complexity of the dissociative symptomatology including comorbidity with other mental disorders should make trainees feel less overwhelmed and disempowered. However, further research is considered vital.

Faith Kok

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Title: Exploring the Type of Maladaptive Behaviors with the Most Impact on Quality of Life in Preschool Children with Autism
Biography:

F. Kok is a Fourth Year Medical Student at Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, National Technological University, Singapore. S.P. Yeleswarapu is a Consultant at the Department of Children Development at KK Women’s and Children Hospital, Singapore. She is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor with Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

Abstract:

The impact of Maladaptive behaviors on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of pre-school children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is relatively unexplored. This study intends to explore the extent of influence that different types of Maladaptive behaviors (Internalized, Asocial and Externalized) have on HRQOL in this group, when background characteristics (age, gross monthly income, housing type and daily sleep duration) and adaptive functioning are controlled.

Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R) and background characteristic questionnaires from 99 caregivers of children with ASD seeking treatment at KK Women and Children’s Hospital were collected. These were used to assess the severity of Maladaptive behaviors, the level of Adaptive functioning and a few background characteristics of these children. The relationship of these with Psychosocial and Physical HRQOL in these children is assessed with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

Multiple Regression revealed that Maladaptive behaviors have greater impact on HRQOL than Adaptive skills and background characteristics. Asocial maladaptive behaviors have the most unique influence on HRQOL out of the three Maladaptive behaviors, suggesting difficulties in social interaction and communication manifested by children with ASD play the largest role in their HRQOL at this age. Adaptive skills have a smaller but still unique impact on HRQOL, while background characteristics are not significant.

The specific types of Asocial Maladaptive behavior and their impact of HRQOL in this age group can be further studied with ASD-specific scales like Social Responsive Scale (SRS) and Repetitive Behaviors Scale-Revised (RBS-R). More targeted behavioral intervention can be then developed to improve the quality of life amongst preschool children with ASD

Takele Tiki

Ambo University college of medicine and health science, Ambo, Ethiopia

Title: Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women in west Shoa zone, central of Ethiopia
Biography:

I have MSc. In clinical and community mental health  and I am lecturer at Ambo University. I have four year experience of lecturing at University of different courses and I have five publication with in four years

 

Abstract:

Introduction: worldwide, while higher prevalence levels of maternal depressions are reported in LMICs (20%–39%). Most maternal deaths (99% of global maternal deaths) occur in LMICs due to undetected and/or inadequately treated complication such as infection, hemorrhage, unsafe abortion, hypertension and obstructed labor. Objective: To assess the prevalence antenatal depression symptoms and associated factors among pregnant women in west Shoa zone, central of Ethiopia, 2018 Method:  In community -based cross-sectional study, 874 women in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy were recruited in west shoa Zone, central Ethiopia. Depressive symptoms were measured using a locally validated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The association between antenatal depressive symptoms and socio demographic, perceived stress and obstetrics condition by using binary regression

 Result:

 Prevalence of antenatal depression symptoms was 32.3% among pregnant women living in west Shewa zone.  Monthly family income between less than 500 ETB [3.19; 95% CI (1.47, 6.96)], rural residence [4.44(2.28, 8.64)], unplanned pregnancy [1.52; 95 %( 1.04, 2.21)] and who have history of abortion in life time [5.13(2.42, 10.85)], were significantly associated with depression symptoms.  Conclusion: Although clinical confirmation for antenatal depression is not conducted, one third of the pregnant women were depressed symptoms in west shoa zone based on PHQ-9. Others low level monthly income, rural residence, unplanned pregnancy, and having previous history of abortion in life time were factors independently associated with antenatal depression. Promotion of family planning and integration of mental health service with existing maternal health care as well as strengthening the referral system among public health centers were the recalled interventions to prevent antenatal depression in west shoa zone health facilities

Mohammed Moizuddin Khan

Human Physiology College of Medicine, Dar Al-Uloom University, India

Title: Occupational Stress in doctors and effects of life Style, habits and de-stressing techniques
Biography:

Dr. Mohammed Moizuddin Khan is a MBBS, MD. PhD in Human physiology from MGM University of health sciences Mumbai India. With a professionally rich experience of more than 15 years in teaching Human physiology to undergraduate and post graduate medical students, am also involved in commendable Academic Leadership, Development and Research activities of the institution which is evident by working currently at COM DAU in various capacities like, Director Faculty Development Program, Head of the International Collaboration in academics and research, Member of Research Committee of College and university, Member of Medical Education committee.

 

Abstract:

Job or occupational stress is something we all face as employees or employers and we all handle it differently. It is a mismatch between the individual capabilities and organizational demands.

Presently various challenges are faced by doctors making medical profession a tough job leading to occupational stress. Doctors are involved in long and irregular working hours which is one of the most common problem resulting in varying levels of exhaustion, sleep deprivation and stress.  Apart from this there is an important role of diet & lifestyle habits.  Dietary habits, smoking, alcohol, physical exercise is found to be having a significant role on occupational stress in doctors.

Aim & Objectives:

To study the effects of life style habits of doctors on occupational stress.

To study the destressing techniques used by doctors to cope up with occupational stress.

Material & Methods: This study is cross sectional Observational study conducted in Indian doctors.

Results: Out of 392 participants 289 (73.72 %) were male and 103 (26.28%) were females. The male and female ratio was 2.81:1.00.

Results:

Significant association found between timing of food and psychological occupational stress. Alcohol, exercise, plying sports, de-stressing techniques were significantly associated with psychological occupational stress. Doctors who do not exercise were having 2.07 times higher risk of psychological occupational stress than those who do. 203 (51.79%) participants were using one or the other de stressing techniques which helped them to reduce the stress.

Conclusion:

Modification in life style habits, exercise and relaxation techniques can all help cope up with the occupational stress in doctors and can help in providing a better health care to the patients.

 

Shaher H. Hamaideh

The Hashemite University, Jordan

Title: Levels and correlates of disability in life skills among patients with schizophrenia
Biography:

Shaher Hamaideh received his Bachelor’s degree in Nursing from Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) in 1992. Received his Master’s degree in General Nursing Education from University of Jordan (UJ) in 1996. He received his PhD in nursing  from University of Cincinnati, Oh, USA. He is working at the Hashemite university as a professor of mental health nursing and Dean of the college

 

 

Abstract:

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disability disorder that affects all life aspects including  physical health, life functioning, general well-being, and overall life skills,

and resulted in a prominent impairment in life functioning.

 

Purpose There are scarcity of data regarding life skills and disabilities among patients with schizophrenia in Jordan, therefore, this study was conducted to assess life skills and disabilities and its correlates among Jordanian patients with schizophrenia.

 

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to collect data by a convenience method from 250 inpatients with schizophrenia admitted to t mental health hospital in Jordan.  Data were collected by one of the researchers using a questionnaire that consisted of demographic variables, Life Skills Profile, Global Assessment of Functioning, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

 Results: Level of disability in life skills was 89.23. The highest disability was in social contact and in communication domains, and the lowest was in responsibility domain. There are differences in disability levels in regard to family history of psychiatric illness, marital and employment status, and number of previous hospitalizations. Five factors (negative symptoms, general assessment of functioning, psychopathology symptoms, duration of treatment, and positive symptoms) predicted the disability in life skills and accounted for 65% of the total variance.

 

AlKhatib Alsaadi

Sultan Qaboos University

Title: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as a Part of Prodromal Schizophrenia
Biography:

DR ALKHATIB ALSAADI, MD, he was graduated from college of Medicine at Sultan Qaboos university in Oman on 2015 . Second year psychiatry resident in OMAN MEDICAL SPECIALITY BOARD. Interested in drug addiction and participant in community psychiatry awareness programs and campaigns. He has presented an abstract on "5th International Conference on Mental Health and Human Resilience" the one at Barcelona, Spain during March 07-08,2019 about (The characteristics of substance abusers attending a detox hospital in Oman and patterns of their utilization of healthcare services) and still doing research on drug addiction and mental resilience.

 

Abstract:

Prodromal schizophrenia presents with a wide variety of psychiatric symptoms including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). However, this

differentiation between a sole diagnosis of OCD and prodromal schizophrenia seems challenging in some settings. We present a sixteen-year-old male with six-months history of recurrent intrusive images and fearfulness, in addition to decreased socialization. He was managed as a case of prodromal schizophrenia and was treated with antipsychotics. His obsessions decreased but he continued to exhibit negative schizophrenia within two years of follow-up. Acknowledging the diversity of prodromal schizophrenia presentations rather than treating symptoms as a cross-sectional diagnosis (especially in high-risk population for psychosis) is crucial for a better management.

DISCUSSION

This case illustrates the complexity of the diagnosis of an officially established disorder that is OCD with well-defined criteria and controversial labeling prodromal schizophrenia with several presentations including OCD. The impact of OCD/OCS among prodromal schizophrenia or at-risk people for psychosis was revealed in some studies by having a higher clinical impairment, more depressive symptoms and suicidality.

CONCLUSION

Our patient was managed as a case of prodromal schizophrenia rather than solely OCD based on the associated features (aloofness, progressive social and academic decline, slowed psychomotor functions and dysprosody). Positive family history of schizophrenia in addition to praecox feeling further confirmed the patient’s condition. The following two years of the patient’s course revealed the necessity of considering the full detailed presentation of prodromal schizophrenia rather than the spot diagnosis of OCD to benefit from early intervention psychosis services and minimize the clinical deterioration.